在上一篇的分析中我们已经了解到Bean的依赖注入主要分为两个步骤
- 首先调用createBeanInstance()方法生成 Bean 所包含的 Java对象实例
- 然后调用 populateBean()方法，对 Bean属性的依赖注入进行处理。
现在我们继续分析生成对象后，Spring IOC 容器是如何将 Bean 的属性依赖关系注入 Bean 实例对象中并设置好的。
1.准备依赖注入 (AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory)
回到AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory 的populateBean()方法，对属性依赖注入的代码如下
populateBean()
将Bean属性设置到生成的实例对象上
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw)
{
if (bw == null) {
if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
}
else {
// Skip property population phase for null instance.
return;
}
}
// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the state of the bean before properties are set.
// This can be used, for example,to support styles of field injection.
boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
return;
}
// 获取容器在解析Bean定义资源时为BeanDefiniton中设置的属性值
PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);
// 对依赖注入处理，首先处理autowiring自动装配的依赖注入
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME
|| mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
// 根据Bean名称进行autowiring自动装配处理
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
// 根据Bean类型进行autowiring自动装配处理
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
pvs = newPvs;
}
// 对非autowiring的属性进行依赖注入处理
boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);
if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
if (pvs == null) {
pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
}
PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
if (pvs == null) {
return;
}
}
}
}
if (needsDepCheck) {
checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
}
}
if (pvs != null) {
// 对属性进行注入
applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
}
}
applyPropertyValues()
解析并注入依赖属性的过程
protected void applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs) {
if (pvs.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
// 封装属性值
MutablePropertyValues mpvs = null;
List<PropertyValue> original;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
if (bw instanceof BeanWrapperImpl) {
// 设置安全上下文，JDK安全机制
((BeanWrapperImpl) bw).setSecurityContext(getAccessControlContext());
}
}
if (pvs instanceof MutablePropertyValues) {
mpvs = (MutablePropertyValues) pvs;
// 属性值已经转换
if (mpvs.isConverted()) {
// Shortcut: use the pre-converted values as-is.
try {
// 为实例化对象设置属性值
bw.setPropertyValues(mpvs);
return;
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
}
}
// 获取属性值对象的原始类型值
original = mpvs.getPropertyValueList();
}
else {
original = Arrays.asList(pvs.getPropertyValues());
}
// 获取用户自定义的类型转换
TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
if (converter == null) {
converter = bw;
}
// 创建一个Bean定义属性值解析器，将Bean定义中的属性值解析为Bean实例对象的实际值
BeanDefinitionValueResolver valueResolver = new BeanDefinitionValueResolver(this, beanName, mbd, converter);
// Create a deep copy, resolving any references for values.
// 为属性的解析值创建一个拷贝，将拷贝的数据注入到实例对象中
List<PropertyValue> deepCopy = new ArrayList<>(original.size());
boolean resolveNecessary = false;
for (PropertyValue pv : original) {
// 属性值不需要转换
if (pv.isConverted()) {
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
// 属性值需要转换
else {
String propertyName = pv.getName();
// 原始的属性值，即转换之前的属性值
Object originalValue = pv.getValue();
// 转换属性值，例如将引用转换为IOC容器中实例化对象引用
Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue);
// 转换之后的属性值
Object convertedValue = resolvedValue;
// 属性值是否可以转换
boolean convertible = bw.isWritableProperty(propertyName)
&&!PropertyAccessorUtils.isNestedOrIndexedProperty(propertyName);
if (convertible) {
// 使用用户自定义的类型转换器转换属性值
convertedValue = convertForProperty(resolvedValue, propertyName, bw,
converter);
}
// Possibly store converted value in merged bean definition,
// in order to avoid re-conversion for every created bean instance.
// 存储转换后的属性值，避免每次属性注入时的转换工作
if (resolvedValue == originalValue) {
if (convertible) {
//设置属性转换之后的值
pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
}
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
// 属性是可转换的，且属性原始值是字符串类型，且属性的原始类型值不是动态生成的字符串，且属性的原始值不是集合或者数组类型
else if (convertible && originalValue instanceof TypedStringValue
&& !((TypedStringValue) originalValue).isDynamic()
&& !(convertedValue instanceof Collection
|| ObjectUtils.isArray(convertedValue))) {
pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
//重新封装属性的值
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
else {
resolveNecessary = true;
deepCopy.add(new PropertyValue(pv, convertedValue));
}
}
}
if (mpvs != null && !resolveNecessary) {
// 标记属性值已经转换过
mpvs.setConverted();
}
// Set our (possibly massaged) deep copy.
// 进行属性依赖注入
try {
bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy));
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
}
}
分析上述代码，我们可以看出，对属性的注入过程分以下两种情况：
- 属性值类型不需要强制转换时，不需要解析属性值，直接准备进行依赖注入。
- 属性值需要进行类型强制转换时，如对其他对象的引用等，首先需要解析属性值，然后对解析后的属性值依赖注入。
- 对属性值的解析是在BeanDefinitionValueResolver类中的resolveValueIfNecessary()方法中进行的，
- 对属性值的依赖注入是通过bw.setPropertyValues()方法实现的，
在分析属性值的依赖注入之前，我们先分析一下对属性值的解析过程。
2.解析属性注入规则 (BeanDefinitionValueResolver)
当容器在对属性进行依赖注入时，如果发现属性值需要进行类型转换，如属性值是容器中另一个 Bean实例对象的引用，则容器首先需要根据属性值解析出所引用的对象，然后才能将该引用对象注入到目标实例对象的属性上去，对属性进行解析的由resolveValueIfNecessary()方法实现，其源码如下：
resolveValueIfNecessary()
解析属性值，对注入类型进行转换
@Nullable
public Object resolveValueIfNecessary(Object argName, @Nullable Object value) {
// We must check each value to see whether it requires a runtime reference
// to another bean to be resolved.
// 对引用类型的属性进行解析
if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {
RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;
// 调用引用类型属性的解析方法
return resolveReference(argName, ref);
}
// 对属性值是引用容器中另一个Bean名称的解析
else if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanNameReference) {
String refName = ((RuntimeBeanNameReference) value).getBeanName();
refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
// 从容器中获取指定名称的Bean
if (!this.beanFactory.containsBean(refName)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Invalid bean name '" + refName + "' in bean reference for " + argName);
}
return refName;
}
// 对Bean类型属性的解析，主要是Bean中的内部类
else if (value instanceof BeanDefinitionHolder) {
// Resolve BeanDefinitionHolder: contains BeanDefinition with name and aliases.
BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = (BeanDefinitionHolder) value;
return resolveInnerBean(argName, bdHolder.getBeanName(), bdHolder.getBeanDefinition());
}
else if (value instanceof BeanDefinition) {
// Resolve plain BeanDefinition, without contained name: use dummy name.
BeanDefinition bd = (BeanDefinition) value;
String innerBeanName = "(inner bean)" + BeanFactoryUtils.GENERATED_BEAN_NAME_SEPARATOR
+ ObjectUtils.getIdentityHexString(bd);
return resolveInnerBean(argName, innerBeanName, bd);
}
// 对集合数组类型的属性解析
else if (value instanceof ManagedArray) {
// May need to resolve contained runtime references.
ManagedArray array = (ManagedArray) value;
// 获取数组的类型
Class<?> elementType = array.resolvedElementType;
if (elementType == null) {
// 获取数组元素的类型
String elementTypeName = array.getElementTypeName();
if (StringUtils.hasText(elementTypeName)) {
try {
// 使用反射机制创建指定类型的对象
elementType = ClassUtils.forName(elementTypeName, this.beanFactory.getBeanClassLoader());
array.resolvedElementType = elementType;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// Improve the message by showing the context.
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Error resolving array type for " + argName, ex);
}
}
// 没有获取到数组的类型，也没有获取到数组元素的类型，则直接设置数组的类型为Object
else {
elementType = Object.class;
}
}
// 创建指定类型的数组
return resolveManagedArray(argName, (List<?>) value, elementType);
}
// 解析list类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof ManagedList) {
// May need to resolve contained runtime references.
return resolveManagedList(argName, (List<?>) value);
}
// 解析set类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof ManagedSet) {
// May need to resolve contained runtime references.
return resolveManagedSet(argName, (Set<?>) value);
}
// 解析map类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof ManagedMap) {
// May need to resolve contained runtime references.
return resolveManagedMap(argName, (Map<?, ?>) value);
}
// 解析props类型的属性值，props其实就是key和value均为字符串的map
else if (value instanceof ManagedProperties) {
Properties original = (Properties) value;
// 创建一个拷贝，用于作为解析后的返回值
Properties copy = new Properties();
original.forEach((propKey, propValue) -> {
if (propKey instanceof TypedStringValue) {
propKey = evaluate((TypedStringValue) propKey);
}
if (propValue instanceof TypedStringValue) {
propValue = evaluate((TypedStringValue) propValue);
}
if (propKey == null || propValue == null) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Error converting Properties key/value pair for " + argName + ":
resolved to null");
}
copy.put(propKey, propValue);
});
return copy;
}
// 解析字符串类型的属性值
else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) {
// Convert value to target type here.
TypedStringValue typedStringValue = (TypedStringValue) value;
Object valueObject = evaluate(typedStringValue);
try {
// 获取属性的目标类型
Class<?> resolvedTargetType = resolveTargetType(typedStringValue);
if (resolvedTargetType != null) {
// 对目标类型的属性进行解析，递归调用
return this.typeConverter.convertIfNecessary(valueObject,
resolvedTargetType);
}
// 没有获取到属性的目标对象，则按Object类型返回
else {
return valueObject;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// Improve the message by showing the context.
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Error converting typed String value for " + argName, ex);
}
}
else if (value instanceof NullBean) {
return null;
}
else {
return evaluate(value);
}
}
resolveReference
解析引用类型的属性值
@Nullable
private Object resolveReference(Object argName, RuntimeBeanReference ref) {
try {
Object bean;
// 获取引用的Bean名称
String refName = ref.getBeanName();
refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
// 如果引用的对象在父类容器中，则从父类容器中获取指定的引用对象
if (ref.isToParent()) {
if (this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory() == null) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Can't resolve reference to bean '" + refName +"' in parent factory: no parent factory available");
}
bean = this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory().getBean(refName);
}
// 从当前的容器中获取指定的引用Bean对象，如果指定的Bean没有被实例化，则会递归触发引用Bean的初始化和依赖注入
else {
bean = this.beanFactory.getBean(refName);
// 将当前实例化对象的依赖引用对象
this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(refName, this.beanName);
}
if (bean instanceof NullBean) {
bean = null;
}
return bean;
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Cannot resolve reference to bean '" + ref.getBeanName() + "' while setting " + argName, ex);
}
}
resolveManagedArray()
解析array类型的属性
private Object resolveManagedArray(Object argName, List<?> ml, Class<?> elementType) {
// 创建一个指定类型的数组，用于存放和返回解析后的数组
Object resolved = Array.newInstance(elementType, ml.size());
for (int i = 0; i < ml.size(); i++) {
// 递归解析array的每一个元素，并将解析后的值设置到resolved数组中，索引为i
Array.set(resolved, i,resolveValueIfNecessary(new KeyedArgName(argName, i), ml.get(i)));
}
return resolved;
}
通过上面的代码分析，我们明白了Spring是如何将引用类型，内部类以及集合类型等属性进行解析的，属性值解析完成后就可以进行依赖注入了。
依赖注入的过程就是Bean对象实例设置到它所依赖的Bean对象属性上去。而真正的依赖注入是通过bw.setPropertyValues()方法实现的，该方法也使用了委托模式，在 BeanWrapper 接口中至少定义了方法声明，依赖注入的具体实现交由其实现类BeanWrapperImpl来完成。
下面我们就分析依BeanWrapperImpl中赖注入相关的源码。
3.注入赋值 (AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor)
BeanWrapperImpl类主要是对容器中完成初始化的 Bean 实例对象进行属性的依赖注入，即把 Bean 对象设置到它所依赖的另一个 Bean 的属性中去。然而，BeanWrapperImpl 中的注入方法实际上由 AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor来实现的，其相关源码如下：
setPropertyValue()
实现属性依赖注入功能
protected void setPropertyValue(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) throws BeansException {
if (tokens.keys != null) {
processKeyedProperty(tokens, pv);
}
else {
processLocalProperty(tokens, pv);
}
}
processKeyedProperty()
实现集合属性依赖注入
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void processKeyedProperty(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) {
// 调用属性的getter方法，获取属性的值
Object propValue = getPropertyHoldingValue(tokens);
PropertyHandler ph = getLocalPropertyHandler(tokens.actualName);
if (ph == null) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(
getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.actualName, "No property handler found");
}
Assert.state(tokens.keys != null, "No token keys");
String lastKey = tokens.keys[tokens.keys.length - 1];
// 注入array类型的属性值
if (propValue.getClass().isArray()) {
Class<?> requiredType = propValue.getClass().getComponentType();
int arrayIndex = Integer.parseInt(lastKey);
Object oldValue = null;
try {
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && arrayIndex < Array.getLength(propValue)) {
oldValue = Array.get(propValue, arrayIndex);
}
Object convertedValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
requiredType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
// 获取集合类型属性的长度
int length = Array.getLength(propValue);
if (arrayIndex >= length && arrayIndex < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit) {
Class<?> componentType = propValue.getClass().getComponentType();
Object newArray = Array.newInstance(componentType, arrayIndex + 1);
System.arraycopy(propValue, 0, newArray, 0, length);
setPropertyValue(tokens.actualName, newArray);
// 调用属性的getter方法，获取属性的值
propValue = getPropertyValue(tokens.actualName);
}
// 将属性的值赋值给数组中的元素
Array.set(propValue, arrayIndex, convertedValue);
}
catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Invalid array index in property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
}
}
// 注入list类型的属性值
else if (propValue instanceof List) {
// 获取list集合的类型
Class<?> requiredType = ph.getCollectionType(tokens.keys.length);
List<Object> list = (List<Object>) propValue;
// 获取list集合的size
int index = Integer.parseInt(lastKey);
Object oldValue = null;
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && index < list.size()) {
oldValue = list.get(index);
}
// 获取list解析后的属性值
Object convertedValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
requiredType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
int size = list.size();
// 如果list的长度大于属性值的长度，则多余的元素赋值为null
if (index >= size && index < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit) {
for (int i = size; i < index; i++) {
try {
list.add(null);
}
catch (NullPointerException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Cannot set element with index " + index + " in List of size " + size
+ ", accessed using property path '" + tokens.canonicalName
+"': List does not support filling up gaps with null elements");
}
}
list.add(convertedValue);
}
else {
try {
// 将值添加到list中
list.set(index, convertedValue);
}
catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Invalid list index in property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
}
}
}
// 注入map类型的属性值
else if (propValue instanceof Map) {
// 获取map集合key的类型
Class<?> mapKeyType = ph.getMapKeyType(tokens.keys.length);
// 获取map集合value的类型
Class<?> mapValueType = ph.getMapValueType(tokens.keys.length);
Map<Object, Object> map = (Map<Object, Object>) propValue;
// IMPORTANT: Do not pass full property name in here - property editors
// must not kick in for map keys but rather only for map values.
TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.valueOf(mapKeyType);
// 解析map类型属性key值
Object convertedMapKey = convertIfNecessary(null, null, lastKey, mapKeyType, typeDescriptor);
Object oldValue = null;
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor()) {
oldValue = map.get(convertedMapKey);
}
// Pass full property name and old value in here, since we want full
// conversion ability for map values.
// 解析map类型属性value值
Object convertedMapValue = convertIfNecessary(tokens.canonicalName, oldValue, pv.getValue(),
mapValueType, ph.nested(tokens.keys.length));
// 将解析后的key和value值赋值给map集合属性
map.put(convertedMapKey, convertedMapValue);
}
else {
throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Property referenced in indexed property path '" + tokens.canonicalName
+"' is neither an array nor a List nor a Map; returned value was [" + propValue + "]");
}
}
getPropertyHoldingValue()
private Object getPropertyHoldingValue(PropertyTokenHolder tokens) {
// Apply indexes and map keys: fetch value for all keys but the last one.
Assert.state(tokens.keys != null, "No token keys");
PropertyTokenHolder getterTokens = new PropertyTokenHolder(tokens.actualName);
getterTokens.canonicalName = tokens.canonicalName;
getterTokens.keys = new String[tokens.keys.length - 1];
System.arraycopy(tokens.keys, 0, getterTokens.keys, 0, tokens.keys.length - 1);
Object propValue;
try {
// 获取属性值
propValue = getPropertyValue(getterTokens);
}
catch (NotReadablePropertyException ex) {
throw new NotWritablePropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Cannot access indexed value in property referenced "
+ "in indexed property path '" + tokens.canonicalName + "'", ex);
}
if (propValue == null) {
// null map value case
if (isAutoGrowNestedPaths()) {
int lastKeyIndex = tokens.canonicalName.lastIndexOf('[');
getterTokens.canonicalName = tokens.canonicalName.substring(0, lastKeyIndex);
propValue = setDefaultValue(getterTokens);
}
else {
throw new NullValueInNestedPathException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + tokens.canonicalName,
"Cannot access indexed value in property referenced " +"in indexed property path '"
+ tokens.canonicalName + "': returned null");
}
}
return propValue;
}
processLocalProperty()
对非集合类型的处理
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void processKeyedProperty(PropertyTokenHolder tokens, PropertyValue pv) {
AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.PropertyHandler ph = getLocalPropertyHandler(actualName);
Object oldValue = null;
try {
Object originalValue = pv.getValue();
Object valueToApply = originalValue;
if (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(pv.conversionNecessary)) {
if (pv.isConverted()) {
valueToApply = pv.getConvertedValue();
}else {
if (isExtractOldValueForEditor() && ph.isReadable()) {
try {
oldValue = ph.getValue();
}catch (Exception ex) {}
}
valueToApply = convertForProperty(propertyName, oldValue, originalValue, ph.toTypeDescriptor());
}
pv.getOriginalPropertyValue().conversionNecessary = (valueToApply != originalValue);
}
// 通过反射注入
ph.setValue(object, valueToApply);
}
}
}
setValue()
public void setValue(final Object object, Object valueToApply) throws Exception {
final Method writeMethod = this.pd.getWriteMethod();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(writeMethod.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()) && !writeMethod.isAccessible()) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() {
writeMethod.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
} else {
writeMethod.setAccessible(true);
}
}
final Object value = valueToApply;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
} else {
// 通过反射 用set 方法注入属性
writeMethod.invoke(getWrappedInstance(), value);
}
}
本文标题：【Spring】DI：源码分析（下）依赖注入
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